Lithium
Lithium(lithium) An element of は atomic number 3. The symbol of an element is Li. The one of the alkali metals. The element name comes from lithos meaning "a stone" in Greek. discovered it by the analysis of the pedal stone in 1817. I am more obstinate than sodium in soft metal of the silver-white by the normal temperature ordinary pressure. The crystal structure that is stability at normal temperature is body centered cubic lattice (BCC). Specific gravity 0.53 the melting point 180 degrees Celsius, the boiling point 1,330 degrees Celsius (the boiling point has different experimental value). I make phase transition to a semiconductor from metal under high pressure of 80 giga Pascal (about 800,000 atmospheric pressure) degree. The reactivity is inferior in comparison with the sodium of the same alkali metal, the potassium, and the chemical property resembles it with an alkaline-earth metal, magnesium in particular. Hardly change in dry air, but even normal temperature reacts with nitrogen when there is water; nitriding lithium(Li3N) を occurs. In addition, burn when heat it; and lithium oxide(Li2O) I am similar and become it. On this account it is necessary to handle the metal lithium in Ar atmosphere. An ionization tendency is big, and the redox potential is - 3.040V that are the lowest in all elements. The deposits are estimated at 10,500,000t as 18,660,000t, an ore as salt lake carbonated water. Even if demand increased rapidly to battery cars as for this, it is the quantity that is enough more than 400 years. Because lithium is the lightest metallic element, I continue circulating through the earth crust upper part among seawater during long time of the earth, and there are by all means-rich lithium resources at the bottom of the dry salt lake. We do not have to worry to dry up, and the lithium is not a rare metal quantitatively at all. But a commercial demand gap by uneven distribution sex and the supply of the monopoly to produce most because of abundant resources at a single production center is concerned about. . . The Bolivian resources which compete for one or two in confirmation deposits are not developed at all. （Various presumed deposits, presumed demand together; there is it）There is not the technology under the present conditions and, about the recycling of the lithium, does not advance because economy is not anticipated. . Lithium of 230,000,000,000t melts in seawater and is proud of infinite deposits virtually. A plant extracting seawater lithium operates led by Japan, and the issue of resources of the lithium may be settled if, furthermore, than the present conditions I get possible to collect it with low cost. It is oxidized in the atmosphere easily, and it is difficult for there to be it as simple substance metal. On this account I use it for an alloy more lightweight than it being used as metal materials of the simple substance and tend it to be used as a strong reducing agent or raw materials of the organic lithium compound. Because it is lacking in ductility, the lithium is the alloy that the lithium wire of the chemical reagent added sodium of around 1%. It is possible for a high, big battery oxidation-reduction potential is low, and to have a small density if I assume it a battery electrode. It is usually used as a primary cell (I use it for a lithium battery, a cathode) of the 3V output, a secondary battery (I use a lithium ion secondary battery, lithium ion). The alloy which incorporated lithium into aluminum several% has extreme both and lightness, and it is often used in a field of the aerospace in particular, but generally does not spread so that there is a difficulty for recyclability. In nuclear fusion generation and a hydrogen bomb, it is used to generate the tritium which is the materials of the fusion reaction. As a compound of representative lithium, the following things are known. The lithium carbonate is used as crystallization heat-resisting glass (Pyroceram), a cathode-ray tube of the television, glaze (glaze) of ceramics, and the grease which lithium hydroxide was added in is marketed as lubricants such as a car / farm machines and implements / the machine tool. Lithium carbonate is prescribed for mania and a patient of the manic state of the manic-depressive psychosis as medical business. In addition, there is many it when it is prescribed for the patient who is in condition to beat of depression and the manic-depressive psychosis for application to assist antidepressant. In this case you must confirm whether you perform a blood test regularly because a range with the density to fall into blood concentration and poisoning validated in treatment is small, and it is kept to appropriate blood concentration. It is said that it is rare that I am in a dangerous condition as far as a patient takes it definitely as a doctor prescribed it in fact.