Boron
The boron (- そ, boron, Luo Borium British Boron) is an element of atomic number 5. The symbol of an element is B. The one of the the thirteenth group elements. The separation of the simple substance was performed by Devi, and it was named Gay-Lussac in 1808 by Buraq which meant "borax" in Arabic. There are α boron (α-B12), β boron (β-B105) as simple substance stability structure. The simple substance is about to be blackened and shows hardness 9.3 to be next to a diamond for a simple substance element very firmly. I have the property of the semiconductor. The crystal structure is rhombohedral crystal for α boron, β boron. As for the specific gravity, α boron 2.54 are β boron 2.37. As for the melting point of the β boron, 2,180 degrees Celsius, the boiling point are 3,658 degrees Celsius. It is indissolubility to water or hydrochloric acid. I dissolve in nitric acid. I react with fluorine at normal temperature, and it is oxidized in the air. I form borane (is called the hydrogen) (hydride) with the hydrogen. It is rare that boron is used in a simple substance, but it is used in a compound and the form of the alloy variously. I tend to be borax and the state of the boric acid when it is used by an imminent use. The borax is used for raw materials and a preservative of the glass, a metal reducing agent, a welding solvent and abrasives, a suppressant of the fire, and the scientific experiment work of the article for children whom I use borax and clearstarch in the spot of the education, and make slime is often performed. The boric acid is used for the cockroach extermination as medical supplies for oral hygiene such as the cleaner of eyes, a gargle or nose spray, a boric acid dumpling. The speed that density is small, and a Young's modulus is big, and the sound comes is 16200(m·Because it was s) and about 2.6 times above of the aluminum, it was known as ideal material than beryllium for sound materials, but processing was difficult material technically. It is really from 1980's that an applied article of the sound machinery has begun to circulate. The boron shows current-voltage characteristics in the simple substance, but most are used as dopant to the silicon in the semiconductor element. The silicon is a pure semiconductor by itself, but because a very small amount adds boron, I can manufacture p-type semiconductor and become the materials which are essential for a diode and a transistor. I dissolve the boric acid which is the compound in primary cooling water and am crowded to a control rod for the absorption of the neutron in a nuclear reactor, and, among isotopes of the boron, B is used for surplus reaction degree control of the pressurized water reactor to have very big neutron absorption cross section. The radiological transportation container by the metal which performed a very small amount of boron addition for a similar reason is used. As for the use to the organic chemistry of the boron, a study was performed systematically by H / Carl Braun, and the brown was conferred Nobel Prize in Chemistry on in 1979 by the achievements. Sodium borohydride as the reducing agent and the hydro-boron are used in organic composition flourishingly now. The organic boron compound is used as a precursor of a complicated compound by Suzuki / Miyaura coupling so that the conversion that is overuse is possible. It is the required elemental one of the plants, and 98% are expected because there is it to a cell wall when related to the composition of the cell wall, maintenance of the completeness of the cell membrane, membrane transport of the sugar, nucleic acid composition, the coenzyme of the enzyme, but it is not still elucidated. The material which performed the boron transportation in plants was identified for the first time in 2002. On the other hand, as for the boron of the high density, agriculture becomes difficult in the Australian southern parts where boron content in the soil is high to obstruct the growth of the plant. A study to keep boron tolerance by changing the gene of the plant is pushed forward. Category: I refer to a compound of the boron.